...The penumbra of a spot was formed by the thinner parts of theatmosphere about the vacancy which surrounded the nucleus...
Edward Singleton Holden 「Sir William Herschel: His Life and Works」
...The two atmospheric layers, which will be of varying thickness about aspot, will account for all the shades of darkness seen in the penumbra...
Edward Singleton Holden 「Sir William Herschel: His Life and Works」
... The time occupied by the Moon in passing throughthe penumbra, before and after a lunar eclipse, will generallyrun to about an hour for each passage...
George Chambers 「The Story of Eclipses」
...One penumbra will sometimes enclose several umbræ whilst the nucleimay be entirely wanting...
Thomas Orchard 「The Astronomy of Milton's 'Paradise Lost'」
...A spot is usually composedof a dark central portion called the umbra, and a less dark fringearound this called the penumbra (, p...
Cecil G. Dolmage 「Astronomy of To-day」
...The shadow of the fourth, for instance, isnearly all penumbra, the really black part being quite minute bycomparison...
Richard A. Proctor 「Half-hours with the Telescope」
...The penumbra attending the earth's shadow is usually supposed to render this observation uncertain to two or three minutes of time, or more than half a degree of longitude...
Matthew Flinders 「A Voyage to Terra Australis」
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